Conditions: Baseline winter — moderate snow, weak sun
Result: Road stayed above freezing, but snow melting could not keep pace with accumulation.
Lesson: Heat storage alone was insufficient. Heat delivery to the surface needed improvement.
Conditions: Severe storm — heavy snow, heavy cloud
Result: Surface dropped below freezing. Snow accumulated significantly.
Lesson: Heat was trapped in the storage layer and could not reach the surface. Thermal conductivity was too low.
Conditions: Severe storm — heavy snow, heavy cloud
Result: Surface remained above freezing. All snow cleared within 24 hours.
Lesson: High thermal conductivity, strong geothermal coupling, and insulating surface coating created a design that fully cleared snow.